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CLASSIFICATION
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Characteristics
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Family
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Order
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Class
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LV: leaves; FL: flowers; FR: fruit; ST: stem, roots; EC: ecology
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| Acanthaceae (Acanthus) |
Scrophulariales |
Dicotyledonae |
Acanthaceae: LV: opposite, decussate, whole, u. entire, exstipulate; FL: u. 5 petals (2 above, 3 below), united, zygomorphic, u. axillary, 2 or 4 stamens, style long, ovary superior; FR: capsule, 2 valves; ST: u. herb; EC: u. tropical
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| Aceraceae (Maple) |
Sapindales |
Dicotyledonae |
Aceraceae: LV: opposite, u. lobed, exstipulate, deciduous; FL: 5 parts, actinomorphic, <1", 4-10 stamens, ovary superior; FR: samara (double); ST: tree/shrub; EC: edible (FR raw, ST-inner bark raw, sap cooked)
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| Agavaceae (Agave) |
Asparagales |
Monocotyledonae |
Agavaceae: LV: u. basal rosette, whole, lanceolate/linear, sessile, u. spiny edge, u. apex acicular, fibrous and/or succulent, veins parallel; FL: 6 parts, green white yellow, raceme/panicle, large, terminal, petals fleshy imbricate, 6 stamens, 1 pistil 3-carpellate; FR: u. capsule, seeds u. black; ST: herb/shrub; EC: u. arid/semiarid
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| Aizoaceae (Carpetweed; Fig-marigold); Ice-plant) |
Caryophyllales |
Dicotyledonae |
Aizoaceae: LV: simple, u. opposite or whorled, entire, u. fleshy; FL: actinomorphic, apetalous, 5-8 sepals, numerous stamens; FR: u. capsule; ST: herb; EC:
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| Alariaceae (Kelp) |
Laminariales |
Phaeophyceae-brown algae |
|
| Alismataceae (Arrowhead) |
Alismatales |
Monocotyledonae |
Alismataceae: LV: u. basal, simple,entire, sheath, parallel venation; FL: 3 petals, 3 sepals, u. white/yellow, ovary superior; FR: achene, head of nutlets; ST: u. herb, milky sap, rhizome o. tubers; EC: aquatic |
| Amaranthaceae (Amaranth) |
Caryophyllales |
Dicotyledonae |
Amaranthaceae: LV: simple, u. entire, exstipulate; FL: u. 5 parts, minute, axillary, white pink red, congested inflorescence, apetalous, 4-5 sepals imbricate, 5 stamens, ovary superior; FR: u. circumscissile capsule; ST: herb/shrub, u. stem red; EC:
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Amaryllidaceae [Daffodil]
Alliaceae [Onion]
Amaryllidaceae [Daffodil]
|
Asparagales |
Monocotyledonae |
Alliaceae: LV: simple, entire, basal, u. linear, sheath, parallel venation; FL: 6 parts, u. actinomorphic, umbel, 3 petals, 3 sepals, imbricate, 6 stamens, 1 pistil, 3-carpellate, ovary superior; FR: u. capsule, s. berry; ST: herb, bulb; EC: u. roots edible
Amaryllidaceae: LV: simple, entire, basal, u. linear, sheath, parallel venation; FL: 6 parts, u. actinomorphic, umbellate, 3 petals, 3 sepals, imbricate, 6 stamens, 1 pistil, 3-carpellate, ovary inferior; FR: u. capsule, s. berry; ST: herb, bulb; EC:
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| Anacardiaceae (Cashew) |
Sapindales |
Dicotyledonae |
Anacardiaceae: LV: alternate, u. pinnate or trifoliate, u. exstipulate; FL: 5 parts, white green yellow, cymose, determinate, actinomorphic, 5 or 10 stamens, ovary superior; FR: drupe, red or white; ST: tree shrub vine, u. resinous; EC:
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| Annonaceae (Custard-apple) |
Magnoliales |
Dicotyledonae |
Annonaceae: LV: evergreen, alternate, simple, entire, pinnate venation; FL: regular; 3 or 6 petals, 3 sepals, u. perfect, ovary superior; FR: berry; ST: tree/shrub/vine, buds naked; EC: subtropical/tropical
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| Apocynaceae (Dogbane) |
Gentianales |
Dicotyledonae |
Apocynaceae: LV: u. opposite, decussate, colleters, simple, entire; FL: actinomorphic, 5 united connate petals, 5 united sepals, perfect, 5 stamens, ovary superior; FR: u. 2-follicle , o. comose seeds; ST: milky sap; EC: u. poisonous, u. tropical
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| Aquifoliaceae (Holly) |
Celastrales |
Dicotyledonae |
Aquifoliaceae: LV: alternate, simple, o. coriaceous; FL: u. 4 parts, u. axillary, white/greenish, small, actinomorphic, ovary superior; FR: berry/drupe, red/purple; ST: tree/shrub; EC: acidophilic
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| Araceae (Arum) |
Alismatales |
Monocotyledonae |
Araceae: LV: u. basal, entire; FL: 6 tepals, u. spathe, spadix, minute, ovary superior; FR: berry; ST: herb/vine; EC: u. wetland |
| Araliaceae (Ginseng) |
Apiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Araliaceae: LV: alternate or whorled; FL: 5 parts, u. umbel single, <1/2", greenish white, 5 petals separate, 5 sepals, ovary inferior; FR: berry, red/purple; ST: EC: moist soil
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| Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort; Dutchman's Pipe) |
Aristolochiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Aristolochiaceae: LV: alternate or basal, simple, entire or lobed, o. cordate base; FL: 3 parts, u. axillary, tubular, red, mottled, 0 petals, 3 sepals, ovary u. inferior; FR: capsule; ST: EC: u. tropical, LV/RT edible
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| Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed) |
Gentianales |
Dicotyledonae |
Asclepiadaceae: LV: u. opposite, decussate, colleters, simple, entire; FL: actinomorphic, 5 reflexed petals, 5 united sepals, 5-part corona, perfect, 5 stamens, ovary superior; FR: u. follicle, u. comose seeds; ST: milky sap; EC: u. poisonous, u. tropical
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Asparagaceae (Asparagus)
Asparagaceae (Asparagus)
Brodiaeoideae (Cluster-lily)
Hemerocallidaceae [Asphodel]
|
Asparagales |
Monocotyledonae |
Asparagaceae: LV: simple, entire, o. scale-like, parallel venation; FL: 6 parts, imbricate, u. inconspicuous, 6 stamens, 1pistel, 3 styles, ovary superior; FR: u. berry, seeds globose; ST: rhizome; EC:
Brodiaeoideae:
Hemerocallidaceae: LV: u. basal, simple, entire, o. sheath, parallel venation; FL: 6 parts, o. spotted, u. actinomorphic, 3 petals, 3 sepals, 6 stamens, 1 pistil, 3-carpellate; FR: u. capsule, s. berry; ST: herb, tuber; EC:
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| Aspleniaceae (Spleenwort) |
Filicales (True Ferns) |
Pteridophyta |
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| Balsaminaceae (Touch-me-not) |
Geraniales |
Dicotyledonae |
Balsaminaceae: LV: simple, exstipulate; FL: irregular, 5 petals 2 united, sepal spur, resupinate, o. nodding, bisexual, 5 stamens, ovary superior; FR: u. capsule; ST: herb, u. glabrous, translucent, o. swollen nodes; EC: u. tropical
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| Berberidaceae (Barberry) |
Ranunculales |
Dicotyledonae |
Berberidaceae: LV: FL: 3 or 6 parts, yellow, ovary superior; FR: berry; ST: EC:
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| Betulaceae (Birch) |
Fagales |
Dicotyledonae |
Betulaceae: LV: alternate, deciduous, stipulate, simple, serrate, pinnate venation; FL: catkin/spike/fascicle, monoecious, minute, imperfect, 2 styles, ovary inferior; FR: nut/samara; ST: tree/shrub; EC: u. forest
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| Bignoniaceae (Trumpet-creeper) |
Scrophulariales |
Dicotyledonae |
Bignoniaceae: LV: u. opposite, decussate, u. palmate or pinnate, u. tendril, exstipulate; FL: 5 parts, zygomorphic, raceme/panicle, u. large, 5 petals united, bilabiate, u. tubular, u. 4 stamens, ovary superior; FR: u. capsule 2-valved, large; ST: u. vine; EC: u. tropical/subtropical
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| Boraginaceae (Forget-me-not) |
Lamiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Boraginaceae: LV: u. simple, u. alternate, entire, o. hispid; FL: 5 petals connate, 5 sepals separate hispid, actinomorphic, o. spike/helicoid cyme, terminal, perfect, 5 stamens, ovary superior; FR: schizocarp, 4 nutlets; ST: u. herb, hispid; EC:
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| Bromeliaceae (Pineapple) |
Bromeliales |
Monocotyledonae |
Bromeliaceae:
LV: simple, alternate, sessile, base o. red/purple, parallel venation; FL: 3 sepals connate, 6 stamens, u. terminal; FR: ST: herb, xerophyte, u. epiphyte; EC: u. tropical
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| Cabombaceae (Water-shield) |
Nymphaeales |
Dicotyledonae |
Cabombaceae: LV: FL: solitary, perfect, ovary superior; FR: achene; ST: herb; EC: aquatic
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| Cactaceae (Cactus) |
Caryophyllales |
Dicotyledonae |
Cactaceae: LV: u. absent; FL: 7+ parts, actinomorphic, u. solitary, stamens numerous, ovary inferior; FR: berry, u. spines; ST: fleshy, succulent, spines, buds spiny & bristly areole, roots shallow; EC: FR u. edible, u. xeric
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| Callitrichaceae (Water-starwort) |
Callitrichales |
Dicotyledonae |
Callitrichaceae: LV: decussate, u. linear/spatulate; FL: u. solitary, axillary; FR: nutlet; ST: herb, submerged; EC: aquatic
|
| Campanulaceae (Bluebell) [Bellflower, Harebell, Lobelia] |
Campanulales |
Dicotyledonae |
Campanulaceae: LV: u. alternate, u. simple, exstipulate; FL: 5 parts, u. raceme, u. connate, o. blue/white, u. 5 petals, 5 stamens, style apex o. tomentose, ovary inferior; FR: u. capsule; ST: u. herb, milky/watery sap; EC:
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| Capparaceae (Caper) |
Brassicales |
Dicotyledonae |
Capparaceae: LV: o. palmate; FL: 4 parts, u. raceme, 4 separate petals, 4 separate sepals, stamens long, ovary superior; FR: u. capsule, seeds reniform; ST: EC: u. tropical/subtropical
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Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle)
Adoxaceae [Viburnum]
Caprifoliaceae [Honeysuckle] |
Dipsacales |
Dicotyledonae |
Adoxaceae: LV: opposite; FL: 5 parts, actinomorphic, determinate, u. 5 stamens; FR: drupe; ST: u. shrub; EC: FR edible raw
Caprifoliaceae: LV: opposite, decussate, simple; FL: 5 parts, zygomprphic, determinate, petals united connate, u. 5 stamens, ovary inferior; FR: ST: u. shrub; EC:
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| Caryophyllaceae (Pink) |
Caryophyllales |
Dicotyledonae |
Caryophyllaceae: LV: simple, u. opposite, decussate, u. linear, entire, u. exstipulate; FL: u. 5 parts, actinomorphic, u. white pink, u. terminal, u. 5 separate petals o. emarginate or cleft, 5 sepals, u. 5 or 10 stamens, 2-5 styles & stigmas, ovary superior; FR: capsule; ST: u. herb, u. swollen nodes; EC:
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| Celastraceae (Stafftree; Bittersweet) |
Celastrales |
Dicotyledonae |
Celastraceae: LV: simple; FL: u. 5 parts, actinomorphic, axillary, u. greenish white, small, stigma 2-5 lobed; FR: seeds brightly colored; ST: trees/shrubs/vines; EC:
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| Ceratophyllaceae (Hornwort) |
Nymphaeales |
Dicotyledonae |
Ceratophyllaceae: LV: FL: FR: ST: EC: aquatic
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| Chenopodiaceae (Goosefoot) |
Caryophyllales |
Dicotyledonae |
Chenopodiaceae: LV: simple, u. alternate, u. succulent; FL: u. 5 parts, green, minute, dense spike-like, apetalous, u. 5 sepals, u. 5 stamens, 2 styles, ovary superior; FR: ST: herb/shrub; EC: LV u. edible, FR u. edible
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| Cistaceae (Rockrose) |
Violales |
Dicotyledonae |
Cistaceae: LV: simple, entire, o. revolute, u. opposite; FL: 5 petals o. imbricate, o. yellow; FR: capsule; ST: herb/subshrub, u. pubescent; EC:
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| Clethraceae (White-alder) |
Ericales |
Dicotyledonae |
Clethraceae: LV: alternate, simple, petiole short; FL: 5 petals 5 sepals, actinomorphic, terminal raceme/panicle, u. white/pink, 10 stamens, stigma 3-lobed, ovary superior, ; FR: capsule 3-valved; ST: tree/shrub, stellate pubescence; EC:
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| Commelinaceae (Spiderwort) |
Commelinales |
Monocotyledonae |
Commelinaceae: LV: simple, entire, sheath, parallel venation; FL: 3 petals, 3 sepals, 6 stamens, ovary superior; FR: capsule; ST: herb, succulent, mucilaginous; EC:
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Compositae (Daisy)
Ambrosieae [Ragweed]
Anthemideae [Chamomile]
Astereae [Aster]
Cichorieae [Dandelion]
Coreopsideae [Tickseed]
Cynareae [Artichoke]
Eupatorieae [Boneset]
Helenieae [Sneezeweed]
Heliantheae [Sunflower]
Inuleae [Everlasting]
Senecioneae [Groundsel]
Tageteae [Marigold]
Vernonieae [Ironweed] |
Asterales |
Dicotyledonae |
Ambrosieae: LV: u. opposite; FL: 7+ parts, head, disk only, minute florets, indeterminate, imbricate bracts, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Anthemideae: LV: alternate, pinnate, aromatic; FL: 7+ parts, head, disk and/or ray, minute disk florets, indeterminate, imbricate bracts scarious/translucent, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Astereae: LV: alternate; FL: 7+ florets, head, disk and/or ray, minute disk florets, indeterminate, imbricate bracts, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Cichorieae: LV: alternate/basal; FL: 7+ florets, head, ray only, petals imbricate apex truncate u. serrate, imbricate bracts, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub, milky juice; EC: LV u. edible raw, RT o. edible raw
Coreopsideae: LV: u. opposite; FL: 7+ florets, head, disk and/or ray, minute disk florets, indeterminate, imbricate bracts, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Cynareae: LV: alternate, u. pinnate, spiny; FL: 7+ florets, head, disk and/or ray, minute disk florets, indeterminate, imbricate bracts o. imbricate conical/spherical o. spines, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Eupatorieae: LV: u. opposite; FL: 7+ florets, head, disk only, minute florets, not u. yellow, indeterminate, imbricate bracts, stigma oblanceolate, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Helenieae: LV: u. opposite; FL: 7+ florets, head, disk and/or ray, minute disk florets, indeterminate, imbricate bracts, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Heliantheae: LV: u. opposite; FL: 7+ florets, head, disk and/or ray, minute disk florets, indeterminate, imbricate bracts, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Inuleae: LV: u. alternate, entire, gray-green; FL: 7+ florets, head, ray, imbricate bracts scarious/translucent, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Senecioneae: LV: u. alternate/basal; FL: 7+ florets, head, disk and/or ray, minute disk florets, indeterminate, base white silky pappus, imbricate bracts, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Tageteae: LV: u. opposite; FL: 7+ florets, head, disk and/or ray, minute disk florets, indeterminate, imbricate bracts, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
Vernonieae: LV: u. alternate; FL: 7+ florets, head, ray only, not yellow, imbricate bracts, stigma long threadlike pubescent, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub; EC:
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| Convolvulaceae (Morning-glory) |
Solanales |
Dicotyledonae |
Convolvulaceae: LV: alternate; FL: 5 sympetalous petals, 5 separate sepals, actinomorphic, funnelform or salverform, o. large, 5 stamens, ovary superior; FR:u. capsule; ST: u. vine, u. milky sap; EC:
|
| Cornaceae (Dogwood) |
Cornales |
Dicotyledonae |
Cornaceae: LV: u. opposite, simple, u. entire, u. arcuate venation; FL: u. 4 parts, u. white, 4 petals, o. 4 petaloid bracts, 4 stamens, ovary inferior; FR: drupe/berry; ST: tree/shrub/woody plant; EC: |
| Crassulaceae (Sedum) [Stonecrop] |
Rosales |
Dicotyledonae |
Crassulaceae: LV: fleshy; FL: ovary superior; FR: ; ST: herb, succulent; EC:
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| Crossosomataceae (Crossosoma) |
Crossosomatales |
Dicotyledonae |
Crossosomataceae: LV: u. alternate, deciduous; FL: white, imbricate; FR: follicle; ST: shrub, spines; EC: xerophyte
|
| Cruciferae (Mustard) [Brassicaceae] |
Brassicales |
Dicotyledonae |
Cruciferae: LV: alternate a/o basal; FL: 4 petals, 4 sepals, raceme or cyme, indeterminate, terminal, u. <1", petals separate, sepals separate, u. 6 stamens (4t,2s), ovary superior; FR: capsule; ST: herb; EC: edible (LV raw, FR raw)
|
| Cucurbitaceae (Cucumber/Gourd) |
Violales |
Dicotyledonae |
Cucurbitaceae: LV: alternate, u. palmately lobed, exstipulate; FL: 5 petals sympetalous, 5 sepals separate, funnelform, actinomorphic, imperfect, ovary inferior; FR: o. pepe, seeds large, tendrils; ST: vine, o. scabrous; EC:
|
| Cupressaceae (Cypress) |
Coniferales |
Gymnospermae |
Cupressaceae: LV: scale-like, evergreen; FL: ; FR: cone; ST: tree/shrub; EC:
|
| Cycadaceae (Cycad) |
Cycadales |
Gymnospermae |
Cycadaceae: LV: pinnate, large; FL: strobile, u. terminal, dioecious; FR: cone; ST: tree, unbranched; EC:
|
Cyperaceae (Sedge)
|
Cyperales |
Monocotyledonae |
Cyperaceae: LV: simple, entire, linear, parallel venation, basal sheath closed; FL: scapose, spicate, bracts; FR: achene; ST: herb, 3-angled; EC: u. wet
|
| Dennstaedtiaceae |
Polypodiales (True Ferns) |
Pteridophyta |
|
| Diapensiaceae (Diapensia) |
Diapensiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Diapensiaceae: LV: alternate, stipulate; FL: 5 parts; FR: capsule; ST: subshrub/herb; EC:
|
| Dipsacaceae (Teasel) |
Dipsacales |
Dicotyledonae |
Dipsacaceae: LV: u. opposite, simple; FL: head, tubular, zygomotphic, 4-5 united petals, 5 sepals, spiny bract, 4 stamens, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: herb/subshrub; EC:
|
| Droseraceae (Sundew) |
Nepenthales |
Dicotyledonae |
Droseraceae: LV: basal rosette, spatulate, pubescent-glandular, insectivorous; FL: 5 petals separate, 5 sepals, o. scapose, indeterminate, perfect, 5 stamens, ovary superior; FR: capsule ST: u. herb; EC: wetland
|
| Dryopteridaceae (Wood fern) |
Polypodiales (True Ferns) |
Pteridophyta |
|
| Ebenaceae (Ebony) |
Ericales |
Dicotyledonae |
Ebenaceae: LV: u. alternate, u. simple, u. entire, exstipulate; FL: connate, o. urceolate, u. coriaceous, actinomorphic, axillary, u. dioecious, ovary superior; FR: berry, orange/red/black; ST: tree/shrub; EC: u. tropical
|
| Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster) |
Rhamnales |
Dicotyledonae |
Elaeagnaceae: LV: simple, entire, exstipulate; FL: 4 parts, 0 petals, 4 sepals united tubular or cup-shaped; FR: drupe enclosing achene, gray or red-orange; ST: shrub/tree, twig scales gold-brown; EC: o. xerophytic
|
| Elatinaceae (Waterwort) |
Malpighiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Elatinaceae: LV: simple; FL: small, axillary, perfect; FR: capsule; ST: herb, o. creeping; EC: aquatic
|
| Empetraceae (Crowberry) |
Ericales |
Dicotyledonae |
Empetraceae: LV: alternate, crowded, evergreen; FL: u. dioecious, inconspicuous; FR: berry; ST: shrub, creeping; EC:
|
| Ephedraceae (Joint-fir) |
Ephedrales |
Gymnospermae |
|
| Equisetaceae (Horsetail) |
Equisetales (Horsetails) |
Pteridophyta |
|
Ericaceae (Heath)
Ericoideae [Rhododendron]
Vaccinoideae [Blueberry]
|
Ericales |
Dicotyledonae |
Ericoideae: LV: simple; FL: petals united, sepals united, long style, spheric stigma, ovary superior; FR: septicidal capsule; ST: shrub/tree; EC: u. poisonous
Vaccinoideae: LV: simple; FL: petals united, sepals united, pendulous, u. urceolate, long style, spheric stigma, ovary inferior; FR: loculicidal capsule or berry; ST: shrub/vine/tree; EC: FR u. edible
|
| Eriocaulaceae (Pipewort) |
Poales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Euphorbiaceae (Spurge) |
Euphorbiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Euphorbiaceae: LV: u. alternate, u. stipulate; FL: o. indistinguishable, actinomorphic, petals 5 or u. absent, sepals 5 or s. absent, o. colorful bracts, imperfect, overy superior; FR: u. schizocarp capsule, s. drupe; ST: o. succulent, milky sap; EC: u. poisonous
|
| Fagaceae (Beech/Oak) |
Fagales |
Dicotyledonae |
Fagaceae: LV: alternate, simple, o. lobed, coriaceous; FL: 0 petals, axillary, monoecious, minute, imperfect, ovary inferior; FR: nut; ST: tree/shrub; EC: u. forest
|
| Fouquieriaceae (Ocotillo) |
Violales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Fucaceae |
Fucales |
Phaeophyceae-brown algae |
|
| Fumariaceae (Bleeding heart) |
Papaverales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Garryaceae (Silk Tassel) |
Cornales |
Dicotyledonae |
Garryaceae: LV: opposite, simple, decussate, entire, evergreen, coriaceous; FL: u. catkin, axillary; FR: berry; ST: tree/shrub; EC:
|
| Gentianaceae (Gentian) |
Gentianales |
Dicotyledonae |
Gentianaceae: LV: u. opposite, decussate, sessile, simple, entire; FL: actinomorphic, 4-5 united petals, 4-5 united sepals, u. perfect, 4-5 stamens, 2 -lobed stigma, ovary superior; FR: u. septicidal capsule; ST: u. herb, stem winged; EC:
|
| Geraniaceae (Geranium) |
Geraniales |
Dicotyledonae |
Geraniaceae: LV: u. simple, o. lobed/cleft, stipulate, aromatic; FL: regular, 5 petals o. emarginate, 5 sepals separate, o. red/blue, bisexual, 10/15 stamens 5-part stigma, ovary superior; FR: beaked schizocarp; ST: herb/shrub, pubescent; EC:
|
| Gigartinaceae |
Gigartinales |
Rhodophyta-red algae |
|
| Ginkgoaceae (Gingko) |
Ginkgoales |
Gymnospermae |
|
Gramineae (Grass) [Poaceae]
Agrostideae [Timothy]
Andropogoneae [Sorghum]
Aveneae [Oat]
Chlorideae [Grama]
Festuceae [Fescue]
Hordeae [Barley]
Oryzeae [Rice]
Paniceae [Crabgrass]
Phalarideae [Canary Grass]
Tripsaceae [Corn]
|
Cyperales |
Monocotyledonae |
Agrostideae: LV: FL: 1 perfect floret, glume well developed, panicle; FR: ST: EC:
Andropogoneae: LV: FL: 2 florets per spikelet, glumes thicker than lemma, spike or spicate raceme; FR: ST: EC:
Aveneae: LV: FL: 2+ perfect florets, glumes as long or longer than lemma, panicle; FR: ST: EC:
Chlorideae: LV: FL: u. 1 perfect floret, unilateral spike or spicate raceme; FR: ST: EC:
Festuceae: LV: FL: 2+ perfect florets, u. glumes shorter than lemma, panicle; FR: ST: EC:
Hordeae: LV: FL: u. 2+ perfect florets, terminal bilateral spike or spicate raceme; FR: ST: EC:
Oryzeae: LV: FL: 1 perfect floret, glumes reduced, panicle; FR: ST: EC:
Paniceae: LV: FL: u. 2 florets per spikelet, glumes thinner than lemma, panicle; FR: ST: EC:
Phalarideae: LV: FL: 1 perfect floret, reduced florets below, panicle; FR: ST: EC:
Tripsaceae: LV: FL: 2 florets per spikelet, glumes thicker than lemma, spike or spicate raceme; FR: ST: EC:
|
| Grossulariaceae (Currant) |
Rosales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Guttiferae (St. Johnswort) [Clusiaceae] |
Theales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Haloragaceae (Water-milfoil) |
Haloragales |
Dicotyledonae |
Haloragaceae: LV: dissected; FL: 4 sepals separate, greenish, imperfect, ovary inferior; FR: nutlet or drupe; ST: u. herb; EC: aquatic
|
| Hamamelidaceae (Witch-hazel) |
Hamamelidales |
Dicotyledonae |
Hamamelidaceae: LV: u. alternate, u. stipulate, simple, s. lobed, u. serrate; FL: 4-5 petals, 4-5 sepals basally connate, 4 stamens, 2 styles, ovary u. half-inferior; FR: capsule (2-chambered), bony seeds; ST: tree/shrub, o. pubescent; EC:
|
| Hippocastanaceae (Buckeye) |
Sapindales |
Dicotyledonae |
Hippocastanaceae: LV: opposite, palmately compound, 3-9 obovate leaflets, exstipulate; FL: 4-5 parts, panicle/raceme, zygomorphic, large, sepals connate tubular, u. 5-8 stamens, ovary superior; FR: capsule, leathery spiny; ST: tree/shrub, lenticels, buds large, sticky, brown/black ; EC:
|
| Hydrangeaceae (Hydrangea) |
Rosales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Hydrocharitaceae |
Hydrocharitales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf) |
Solanales |
Dicotyledonae |
LV: u. alternate; FL: 5 united petals, 5 united sepals, u. actinomorphic, perfect, 5 stamens, ovary superior; FR: capsule; ST: stem, roots; EC: ecology |
| Iridaceae (Iris) |
Liliales |
Monocotyledonae |
Iridaceae: LV: simple, entire, u. basal, linear lanceolate, sheath, parallel vein; FL: 6 parts, connate, tubular, 2 papery bracts, o. scapose, u. large, 3 stamens,1 pistil, 3 styles, ovary inferior; FR: 3-valved capsule; ST: herb; EC:
|
| Isoetaceae (Quillwort) |
Isoetales (Quillworts) |
Pteridophyta |
|
| Juglandaceae (Walnut) |
Juglandales |
Dicotyledonae |
Juglandaceae: LV: altrnate, pinnately compound, serrate, glandular below; FL: 0 petals 4 sepals, staminate catkin, carpellate spike or solitary, minute, late spring, monoecious, imperfect, 2 styles, 2 stigmas, ovary inferior; FR: nut; ST: u. tree, large leaf scars; EC: FR edible
|
| Juncaceae (Rush) |
Juncales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Juncaginaceae (Arrow-grass) |
Alismatales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Labiatae (Mint) [Lamiaceae] |
Lamiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Labiatae: LV: u. opposite & decussate, u. simple, u. serrate, u. aromatic, pinnate venation; FL: 5 petals irregular connate (u. 2 lobes up, 3 lobes down), 5 sepals, deterrminate, u. axillary, <1", u. 4 stamens (2t,2s), stigma 2-lobed, ovary superior; FR: u. capsule (4 nutlets); ST: u. 4-angled, u. pubescent; EC:
|
| Lauraceae (Laurel) |
Laurales |
Dicotyledonae |
Lauraceae: LV: u. alternate, entire or lobed, u. aromatic; FL: 6 parts, actinomorphic, imbricate, green yellow white, axillary, small, 0 petals, 6 sepals, u. 12 stamens, ovary superior; FR: drupe or berry; ST: tree/shrub; EC:
|
Leguminosae (Pea)
Caesalpinioideae [Bird-of-Paradise]
Faboideae [Pea]
Mimosoideae [Mimosa] |
Fabales |
Dicotyledonae |
Caesalpinioideae: LV: alternate, u. pinnately compound, u. entire, stipule, pulvinus; FL: 5 petals irregular, style long arching, ovary superior; FR: u. legume; ST: u. tree/shrub, root nodules; EC:
Faboideae: LV: alternate, u. pinnately or palmately compound, u. entire, stipule, pulvinus; FL: 5 petals irregular (banner, wings, keel), style long arching, ovary superior; FR: u. legume; ST: root nodules; EC:
Mimosoideae: LV: alternate, u. pinnately compound, u. entire, stipule, pulvinus; FL: 5 petals separate, stamens long, style long arching, ovary superior; FR: u. legume; ST: u. tree/shrub, root nodules; EC:
|
| Lentibulariaceae (Bladderwort) |
Scrophulariales |
Dicotyledonae |
Lentibulariaceae: LV: simple or dissected underwater, alternate or basal rosette, exstipulate, u. bladder-like or revolute, insectivorous, glandular; FL: 5 parts, zygomorphoic, bilabiate, scapose, 5 petals united, 2 stamens, ovary superior: ; FR: capsule; ST: herb; EC: aquatic or moist
|
Liliaceae (Lily)
Liliaceae [Lily]
Melanthiaceae [Bunch Flower]
|
Liliales |
Monocotyledonae |
Liliaceae: LV: simple, entire, o. sheath, parallel venation; FL: 6 parts, o. spotted, u. actinomorphic, 3 petals, 3 sepals, 6 stamens, 1 pistil, 3-carpellate; FR: u. capsule, s. berry; ST: herb, u. bulb; EC:
Melanthiaceae: LV: simple, entire, o. sheath, parallel venation; FL: 6 parts, o. spotted, u. actinomorphic, 3 petals, 3 sepals, crowded raceme, 6 stamens, 1 pistil, 3-carpellate; FR: u. capsule, s. berry; ST: herb, u. bulb; EC: u. poisonous
|
| Linaceae (Flax) |
Linales |
Dicotyledonae |
Linaceae: LV: u. alternate, sessile, simple, entire; FL: 5 petals separate, 5 sepals separate, regular, u. terminal, perfect, ovary superior; FR: u. capsule; ST: EC:
|
| Loasaceae (Blazingstar) |
Cornales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Loganiaceae (Logania) |
Gentianales |
Dicotyledonae |
Loganiaceae: LV: opposite, stipulate, simple, entire; FL: sympetalous 4-5 lobes, 4-5 stamens, ovary superior; FR: u. septicidal capsule, seeds o. winged; ST: vine/tree/shrub; EC: u. tropical/subtropical
|
| Lycopodiaceae (Clubmoss) |
Lycopodiales (Clubmosses) |
Pteridophyta |
|
| Lythraceae (Loosestrife) |
Myrtales |
Dicotyledonae |
Lythraceae: LV: opposite/whorled, whole, entire; FL: actinomorphic, petals erose, tubular, perfect; FR: capsule; ST: u. herb; EC: u. wetland
|
| Magnoliaceae (Magnolia) |
Magnoliales |
Dicotyledonae |
Magnoliaceae: LV: alternate, simple, o. evergreen, stipulate; FL: u. solitary, large, u. perfect, stamens numerous, ovary superior; FR: ST: tree/shrub; EC: o. subtropical/tropical
|
| Malvaceae (Mallow) |
Malvales |
Dicotyledonae |
Malvaceae: LV: alternate, u. palmately lobed; FL: 5 petals separate, u. connate, o. solitary, o. axillary, stamens fused, ovary superior; FR: u. capsule/schizocarp; ST: u. mucilaginous; EC: u. LV/FL/FR edible
|
| Melastomataceae (Meadow-beauty) |
Myrtales |
Dicotyledonae |
Melastomataceae: LV: opposite, decussate, whole, parallel venation; FL: s. zygomorphic, u. 4 petals, u. 4 sepals, perfect, anthers curved; FR: ST: EC: u. tropical
|
| Menispermaceae (Moonseed) |
Ranunculales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Molluginaceae (Carpet-weed) |
Caryophyllales |
Dicotyledonae |
Molluginaceae: LV: simple; FL: FR: ST: u. herb; EC:
|
| Monotropaceae (Indian pipe) |
Ericales |
Dicotyledonae |
Monotropaceae: LV: alternate, scale-like, lacking chlorophyll; FL: petals united, sepals united, pendulous, urceolate, ovary superior; FR: loculicidal capsule; ST: herb, fleshy; EC:
|
| Montiaceae (Spring beauty) |
Caryophyllales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Moraceae (Mulberry) |
Urticales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Myricaceae (Bayberry) |
Myricales |
Dicotyledonae |
Myricaceae: LV: alternate, whole, o. leathery, glandular below, aromatic; FL: actinomorphic, o. spicate, u. erect, axillary, imperfect; FR: u. drupe, o. tuberculate, o. glaucous; ST: u. shrub; EC:
|
| Najadeaceae |
Najadales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Nyctaginaceae (Four-o'clock) |
Caryophyllales |
Dicotyledonae |
Nyctaginaceae: LV: simple, u. opposite, entire, exstipulate; FL: 5 parts, actinomorphic, tubular, apetalous, 5 united sepals, style long, ovary superior; FR: u. achene; ST: EC: u. tropics/subtropical
|
| Nymphaeaceae (Water-lily) |
Nymphaeales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Nyssaceae (Tupelo) |
Cornales |
Dicotyledonae |
Nyssaceae: LV: alternate, simple, entire, deciduous, u. arcuate venation, estipulate; FL: 5 parts, u. white, 5 petals, ovary inferior; FR: drupe, ovoid/oblong; ST: tree, buds imbricate; EC:
|
| Oleaceae (Olive) |
Scrophulariales |
Dicotyledonae |
Oleaceae: LV: opposite, u. entire, exstipulate; FL: u. 4 parts, actinomorphic, raceme/panicle, u. 4 petals united, u. 4 sepals united, 2 stamens, ovary superior; FR: ST: tree/shrub; EC:
|
| Onagraceae (Evening-primrose) |
Myrtales |
Dicotyledonae |
Onagraceae: LV: whole, entire; FL: 4 petals, 4sepals, u. perfect, u. 4 or 8 stamens, 4-part stigma, ovary inferior; FR: u. capsule; ST: u. herb; EC:
|
| Ophioglossaceae (Adder's-tongue, Grape fern) |
Ophioglossales (Succulent Ferns) |
Pteridophyta |
|
| Orchidaceae (Orchid) |
Orchidales |
Monocotyledonae |
Orchidaceae: LV: simple, alternate, sessile, entire, parallel venation; FL: zygomorphic, 3 petals, 3 sepals, perfect, stamen/style adnate, overy inferior; FR: capsule; ST: herb; EC:
|
| Orobanchaceae (Broomrape) |
Lamiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Orobanchaceae: LV: alternate, simple, scale; FL: 5 petals (2 above, 3 below) united tubular, irregular, perfect, 4 stamens, ovary superior; FR: capsule; ST: herb, not green no chlorophyll, fleshy; EC: ecology
|
| Osmundaceae (Royal fern) |
Osmundales |
Pteridophyta |
|
| Oxalidaceae (Wood-sorrel) |
Geraniales |
Dicotyledonae |
Oxalidaceae: LV: alternate, pulvinous, o. 3-palmate, entire, apex emarginate; FL: regular, 5 petals o. clawed, 5 sepals, bisexual, 10 stamens, 5 styles, ovary superior; FR: loculicidal capsule; ST: u. herb; EC:
|
| Palmae (Palm) |
Arecales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Palmariaceae |
Palmariales |
Rhodophyceae-red algae |
|
| Papaveraceae (Poppy) |
Papaverales |
Dicotyledonae |
Papaveraceae: LV: alternate, lobed; FL: u. 4 petals, imbricate, stamens numerous, ovary superior; FR: capsule; ST: EC: |
| Phytolaccaceae (Pokeweed) |
Caryophyllales |
Dicotyledonae |
Phytolaccaceae: LV: alternate, simple, entire; FL: 4-5 parts, actinomorphic, u. green white, u. raceme u. drooping, minute, apetalous, 4-5 tepals axillary; FR: u. berry-like; ST: sap white EC:
|
| Pinaceae (Pine) |
Coniferales |
Gymnospermae |
|
| Plantaginaceae (Plantain) |
Plantaginales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Platanaceae (Sycamore) |
Hamamelidales |
Dicotyledonae |
Platanaceae: LV: alternate, simple, palmately lobed, 4-7", pulvinous, stipulate, tomentose young leaves; FL: actinomorphic, minute, globose, pendulous, imperfect, ovary superior; FR: achene, linear, 4-angled, bristles, globose head; ST: tree, exfoliating, zigzag twigs, buds valvate; EC: o. riparian
|
| Plumbaginaceae (Sea-lavender; Leadwort) |
Plumbaginales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Polemoniaceae (Phlox) |
Solanales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Polygalaceae (Milkwort) |
Polygalales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Polygonaceae (Buckwheat) |
Polygonales |
Dicotyledonae |
Polygonaceae: LV: whole, u. alternate, u. entire, sheath; FL: small <1", actinomorphic, o. cylindrical head or spike, crowded inflorescence, no petals, u. 5-6 sepals, 3-9 stamens, ovary superior; FR: achene; ST: u. herb/shrub, jointed nodes; EC:
|
| Polypodiaceae (Fern) |
Filicales (True Ferns) |
Pteridophyta |
|
| Pontederiaceae (Pickerelweed) |
Commelinales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Portulacaceae (Purslane) |
Caryophyllales |
Dicotyledonae |
Portulacaceae: LV: simple, entire, u. stipulate, u. succulent; FL: u. 5 parts, 2 sepals (bracts), u. several styles; FR: capsule; ST: herb, <1', o. prostrate, o. fleshy, o. fleshy taproot; EC:
|
| Potamogetonaceae (Pondweed) |
Najadales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Primulaceae (Primrose) |
Primulales |
Dicotyledonae |
LV: leaves; FL: 5 petals; FR: fruit; ST: stem, roots; EC: o. wetland |
| Pteridaceae |
Filicales (True Ferns) |
Pteridophyta |
|
| Pyrolaceae (Wintergreen) |
Ericales |
Dicotyledonae |
Pyrolaceae: LV: evergreen FL: 4-5 petals separate, 4-5 sepals separate, pendulous, perfect, ovary superior; FR: loculicidal capsule, round; ST: herb; EC: forest
|
| Ranunculaceae (Buttercup) |
Ranunculales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn) |
Rhamnales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
Rosaceae (Rose)
Amygdaloideae [Plum]
Maloideae [Apple]
Rosoideae [Rose]
Spiraeoideae [Spiraea]
|
Rosales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Rubiaceae (Bedstraw) |
Gentianales |
Dicotyledonae |
Rubiaceae: LV: opposite/whorled, simple, entire; FL: regular, 4-5 petals, 4-5 sepals, u. perfect, 4-5 stamens, ovary inferior; FR: ST: o. 4-angled; EC:
|
| Rutaceae (Rue or Citrus) |
Sapindales |
Dicotyledonae |
Rutaceae: LV: u. entire, u. pinnate, glandular (punctate), aromatic; FL: 4-5 parts, u. actinomorphic, white yellow, cyme, determinate, ovary superior; FR: ST: u. tree/shrub; EC:
|
| Salicaceae (Willow) |
Salicales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Salviniaceae (Water fern) |
Salviniales |
Pteridophyta |
|
| Santalaceae (Sandalwood) |
Santalales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Sapindaceae (Soapberry) |
Sapindales |
Dicotyledonae |
Sapindaceae: LV: u. alternate, u. pinnate, u. persistent; FL: panicle/raceme, small, sepals u. separate; FR: ST: tree/shrub/vine, buds u. persistent; EC: u. tropical
|
| Sarraceniaceae (Pitcher-plant) |
Nepenthales |
Dicotyledonae |
Sarraceniaceae: LV: basal, whole, tubular, pubescent-glandular, insectivorous; FL: actinomorphic, 5 petals, u. 5 sepals, solitary, terminal, scapose, nodding, perfect, stamens numerous, stigma umbrella-like, ovary superior; FR: loculicidal capsule; ST: herb; EC: wetland
|
| Saururaceae (Lizard's-tail) |
Piperales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage) |
Rosales |
Dicotyledonae |
Saxifragaceae: LV: o. basal, o. lobed; FL: u. 5 petals, u. 5 sepals, pistil oblong 2 styles; FR: capsule; ST: EC: |
| Scrophulariaceae (Snapdragon) [Figwort] |
Scrophulariales |
Dicotyledonae |
Scrophulariaceae: LV: u. simple, exstipulate; FL: u. 5 parts, zygomorphic, u. 5 petals (2 above, 3 below) united tubular, u. 5 sepals, u. 4 stamens, ovary superior; FR: u. capsule; ST: herb/shrub; EC:
|
| Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss) |
Sellaginellales (Spikemosses) |
Lycopodiophyta |
|
| Simmondsiaceae (Jojoba) |
Euphorbiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Simmondsiaceae: LV: opposite, evergreen, stipulate, simple, coriacious; FL: regular, dioecious, 3 long feathery stigmas; FR: loculicidal capsule; ST: shrub; EC:
|
| Smilacaceae (Greenbrier) |
Liliales |
Monocotyledonae |
Smilacaceae: LV: simple, u. alternate, palmate venation, coriaceous, tendrils; FL: 6 parts, umbel, u. axillary, small, 6 stamens, 1 pistil 3 carpellate, ovary superior; FR: berry, 1-3 seeds; ST: vine, recurved prickles, rhizome/tuber; EC:
|
| Solanaceae (Nightshade) |
Solanales |
Dicotyledonae |
Solanaceae: LV: u. alternate; FL: 5 petals united, 5 sepals united, 5 stamens, regular, perfect, u. axillary, u. solitary, ovary superior; FR: fruit; ST: stem, roots; EC: ecology
|
| Sparganiaceae (Bur-reed) |
Typhales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Tamaricaceae (Tamarisk) |
Violales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Taxaceae (Yew) |
Coniferales |
Gymnospermae |
|
| Thelypteridaceae |
Filicales (True Ferns) |
Pteridophyta |
|
| Thymelaeaceae (Mezereum) |
Myrtales |
Dicotyledonae |
Thymelaeaceae: LV: whole, entire; FL: actinomorphic, u. tubular, ovary superior; FR: ST: EC: u. tropical/subtropical
|
| Tiliaceae (Linden/Basswood) |
Malvales |
Dicotyledonae |
Tiliaceae: LV: alternate, stipulate, serrate, o. base inequilateral; FL: u. 5 petals, 5 sepals, actinomorphic, u. white/yellow, u. perfect, stamens numerous, ovary superior; FR: ST: u. tree/shrub; EC:
|
| Typhaceae (Cattail) |
Typhales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Ulmaceae (Elm) |
Urticales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Ulvaceae (Green Algae) |
Ulvales |
Ulvophyceae-green algae |
|
| Umbelliferae (Parsley) [Apiaceae] |
Apiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Umbelliferae: LV: u. alternate, u. sheath, u. pinnate or dissected; FL: 5 petals, u. umbel u. compound, indeterminate, <1/2", petals separate acute inflexed, 5 stamens, ovary inferior; FR: schizocarp; ST: u. herb, grooved, hollow; EC:
|
| Urticaceae (Nettle) |
Urticales |
Dicotyledonae |
Urticaceae: LV: u. opposite, serrate; FL: green/brown, ovary superior; FR: achene; ST: EC: |
| Valerianaceae (Valerian) |
Dipsacales |
Dicotyledonae |
Valerianaceae: LV: opposite/basal; FL: irregular, zygomorphic, small, 5 united petals tubular, ovary inferior; FR: achene; ST: EC:
|
| Verbenaceae (Vervain) [Verbena] |
Lamiales |
Dicotyledonae |
Verbenaceae: LV: simple, opposite or s. whorled; FL: zygomorphic, 5 petals connate tubular, 5 sepals connate tubular, spike, indeterminate, small 1/6-1/3", summer/fall, perfect, 4 stamens, ovary superior; FR: drupe or schizocarp; ST: o. angled, u. pubescent; EC:
|
| Violaceae (Violet) |
Violales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Viscaceae (Mistletoe) |
Santalales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Vitaceae (Grape) |
Rhamnales |
Dicotyledonae |
|
| Xyridaceae (Yellow-eyed grass) |
Commelinales |
Monocotyledonae |
|
| Zygophyllaceae (Caltrop) |
Sapindales |
Dicotyledonae |
Zygophyllaceae: LV: opposite, u. pinnate, entire, persistent; FL: 5 petals, 5 sepals, petals separate, sepals separate, u. 10 stamens, ovary superior; FR: u. capsule; ST: jointed nodes; EC: xeric
|
|
|